This paper reports the studies on 13C NMR spectra of ten steroidal sapogenins. Four of them, 3- cpiruscogcnin (1 ), 3 -epineoruscogenin (2 ), tupisgenin (3 ) and aurantigenin (4 ), belong to the △5-series,Six of them ranmogenin A(5)、B(6)、C(7)、D(8)、△25(27) - pentrogenin(9) and 1β、2β、3β、4β、5β、7α-hexahydroxy-spirost-25(27)-en-6-one( 10) belong to the 5β-series.

A new triterpenoid compound has been isolated from Psammosilene tunicoides, and the structure was elucidated on the bases of spectroscopic data as 3-hydroxy -12, 14- diene-27--norseane-28-nic acid.

The volatile extraction with special smell from the Choushen (Codo- nopsis sp.) in Yunnan was examined by the GC/MS/DS on Finnigan-4510 type. As the result 25 compounds were identified. The methylester of hexadecanoic acid is the richost (45.75%, relatiye) in the volatile components. It is very interesting that the serial isomer and homologous series of aromatic hydrocarbon were found in the plant.

Two aporphine alkaloids, (+) corydine (1 ), and (+) glaucine (2 ) were isolated from the roots of Dactylicapnos scandens Hutch and chara- cterized by UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR spectrascopic methods. The isolation and characterization of other two alkaloids, (+) isocorydine and protopine were reported in the last paper[1].

From the fibrous roots of Veratrum mentzeanum Loesn. f., with two new steroidal a1kaloids, veratramine N-oxide (2 ) and 3 --angeloyl germine (5 ) were isolated. In another four known ateroidal alkaloids, veratramine (1 ), veramiline (3 ), 3, 15-diangeloyl germine (4 ), solanidine (6 ), and β-sito- stero1, β-sitosteryl stearitate, daucosterol, stearic acid and cerotic acid were isolated too.

A new diterpenoid alkaloid, talitine A, isolated from Delphynium taliense Franch, together with four alkaloids reported previously, was deduce as (1 ) on the basis of spectral studies and its relation with talitine B.

Shoot apices from seeding and adult plants of C.scabrifolia were used. In adult plants, the axillary buds were better than the terminal buds when used us explants to induce clustered shoots. All the buds either from seedings or adult plants can be cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with IAA 0.1- 0.5 mg/l and 6--BA 1 -2 mg/l to induce clustered shoots. MS basal medium with the addition of 0.5-1.0 mg/l 6--BA was used, when subculture. In 40 days, the number of shoots multiples 4 -6 times. Shoots 1.5- 2 cm long can be cut down and cultured in MS/2 basal medium with IAA or IBA 0.05--1 mg/l to induce roots. In 20 days, the percentage of rooting shoots reaches about 80% for shoots derived from adult plants and above 98% from seedlings.

Abstract This report describes the rapid propagation of Caladium hortulanum and C. bicolor (three cultivars) by using tissue culture. First of all, take the young leaf and petiole as explants and transferred on Murashige and Skoog's agar medium supplemented with benzyladenine 2 mg/l and naphthalene acitc acid 0.6- 1 mg/l, most of them conduced caltus on the cut surface within 2- 3 weeks. Without subculturing 5th weeks it was discovered much globularity and smooth embryoids that differetiated on the surface of callus. They continued to develop and grow heart-shaped leaflet, then rooted, formed complete regenerate plantlets. Results showed that the light and darkness condititions didn't effect the callus conduct and embryogenesis. The second period we suggested by method of static culture in liquid medium (MS+BA 1, omitted agar) which enabled the prolifera- tion speed of the clonal plantlets of Caladium to 3- 4 times per month, and estimate the maltiplication rate acheved about 3.4 x 10^8 times per yeay.

Plant regeneration from segmenst of leaf stalks, cataphylla, inflore-scences, stoles, tuber and shoot tips of four species of Amorphophallus, A. yunnanensis, A.albus, A. revieri and A. bannaensis has been accomplished. Regeneration of plantlets have been obtained though three different ways: 1 ) Tu- bercular calli were formed from explant cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5-1.0 mg/1 NAA and 6 --BA or kinetin, zeatin. It was found that. NAA is indispensable for initiating callus formation, cytokinin serves to maintain the tubercular calli development. Callus differentiating into plantlets on the medium either without hormones or with low concentrations of hormones; 2 ) Mu1tiple shoot--buds were initiated from shoot tips, slices of cataphylla and tubers by using MS medium containing BA and IAA or NAA; 3 ) The micro--tubers were produced from slices of tubers, and they differentiated buds and roots, then plantlets esta- blished. This study provided a new tool for rapid reproduction of Amorpho- phallus.

The karyotypic types of Taxodiaceaels endemic plants to China and neighbouring area are: Cryptomeria, "1A"; Clyptostrobus, "1A"; Metasequoia, "1A"; Cunninghamia, "1B"; Taiwania, "2B". According to the Stebbins'[25] karyotypic evolutionary theory and karyotypic analyses of the five genera, the present author suggests that their sequence of evolutionary level from primitive to progress would be Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Cunninghamia, Taiwania and there be two evolutionary lines probably: A-Cryptomeria------ Glyptostrobus -----Taiwania and L-Metasequoia -----Cunninghamia. The conclusions are supported by some evidances accumulated during the past in the fields of morphology, embryology, palaeobotany and so on and shown in Fig. 1.

Chromosome counts are reported for 35 species of medicinal plants belonging to 17 families of Shandong Province. They are summarized in Table 1. The chromosome numbers of the following eight species are recorded for the first time: Aristolochia contorta Bge. (Aristolochiaceae) 2n = 14; Aquilegia yabeana Kitag. (Ranunculaceae) 2n = 18; Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (Polygalaceae) 2n = 30; Cynanchum atratum Bge. (Asclpiadacese) 2n = 22; Cynanchum versicolor Bge. (Asciepiadaceae) 2n = 22; Leonurus pseudo-macranthus Kitag. (Labiatae ) 2n = 18-20; Atractylodes chinense (DC. ) Koidz. (Compositae ) 2n = 24; Kalimeris shimadae (Kitam .) Kitam. 2n = 112.

The process of seed development in Paris and P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis is similar. Fertilization proceeds on the 10th to 15th day after pollination. The process of seed maturation lasts for about 150--170 days. Most of the mature embryos stay at spherical stage or become slightly differentiaed. Endo- sperm is Helobial type. Seed-coat is derived from both integuments. In P.axialis the aril arises from the funicle and it surronds the seed at the base of ovule. The aril is spongy, light green-white-coloured. In P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, the aril is absent, while the seed is enclosed by a fleshy, bright red-coloured seed coat.

Ahstract Carex siderosticta Hance is a most spectacular member of the genus Carex. Its lateral flower-hoaring stems, sometimes distant from tbe vegeta- tive shoots with broad leaves, are ctriking even to someone familiar with the great variability in the genus Carex. It is distributcd in China (provinces: Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi), Japan, Korea and the Far East of USSR. In Beijing, the species is frequent in deciduous broad--leaved forests at 1200--l700 m above sea level. Carex siderosti- cta Hance, particularly its flower--bearing stems, were observed in the field. In early spring, early May in Beijing, the vegetative shoots aild flower--bearing stems with infundibuliform sheaths sprout almost simultaneously (Fig. 1 ). Most flower-bearing stems arise from the midst of decayed leaves of vegetative shoots of the previous year. In addition, some emerge directly from long creeping rhizome. However, the vegetative shoots neyer produce flower-bearing stems in the current year.

Abstract Lilium lijiangense has been cultivated for 3 years. The volum of bulb has been swollen. Average number of the cells which in the middle of the scale from 12 layers increased to 21 layers. Average volume which each cell from 86.5 x 79 um increased to 97.5 x 89.7 um. Two store grains is observed. One volume is larger. It contains starch. Another volume is smaller. It contains protein, polysaccharide, lipid and RNA. Average number of starch grain about from 4.2 increased to 8 in each cell, and the volume from 29. 1 x 19.5 um increased to 46.8 x 23.4 um. Average number of the protein grain from 12 increased to 70, and the volume decreased slightly from 4. 68-7. 8 um to 3.9-5.85 um.

Species P.leptopo(A.Grar ex Benth.)Yang et Huang affinis,sed foliis majoribus,ovario stipitato,stipite 9-15 mm longo,articulis 4-5,32-54 mm longis,3.5-4 mm latis differt.

Herba repens multiramea praeter corollam pilis multicellularibus moniliformibus crispis villosa. Foliorum lamina chartacea cordato--suborbiculata, lato--ovata vel lato--elliptica, 0.5--1.5 cm vel ultra longa et 0.5-1.4 cm lata apice acuta basi cordata, subtruncata vel lato--cuneata, utrinque villosa vel supra sparse setosa in sicc. cinerascens vel subrubescens; costa atque nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 3 -5 supra obscura subtus aequaliter elevata; petiolus 0.2-0.8 cm longus dense villosus; stipula caduca non visa; Inflorescentia saepe terminalis 1 -3-flora, pedunculis brevibus.

The present paper deals with the classification on the genus Boschniakia C. A. Mey. ex Bongard (Orobanchaceae). The taxonomic history of the genus Boschniakia, which was described by C. A. Meyer and A. H. G. Bongard based on the type species B. glabra [=B. rossica (Cham. et Schlecht.) Fedtsch.] in 1833, is reviewed. The genus Xylanche was separated by G. Beck (1890) from Boschniakia on the basis of its ebracteole flowers with 3 - 5-dentate or subentire calyx and 3 carpelled pistil. Having carefully studied the morphological characters of these taxa, however, the author finds that these characters are not reliable and quite variable in Boschniakia and Xylanche. The seed coat in B. rossica (Cham. et Schlecht.) Fedtsch. and X. himalaica (Hook. f. et Thoms.) G. Beck (=B. himalaica Hook. f. et Thoms.) under scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also examined. There exist striking differences not only in seed coat but in size and form, which can serve, in author's opinion, as characters for delimitating species.

Abstract Through applying the method of Franch--Swiss phytosociological school to study the vegetation types and using the method of fuzzy cluster analysis to class them, we have identified the vegetation of Yuanmou dry--hot river valley to be an "order" and name it "Dodonaeo--Heteropogonetalia contorti", two"alliances" and nine "associations" have also been identified and named based on the floristic criteria. All the character species of these types have been summarized and arranged into an "order--alliance--association table" to show a connect classification system. The vegetation of Yuanmou dry-hot river valley is somewhat like the "savanna" of tropics,it can be called "semi-natural savanna or secondary savanna".

There are hundreds of glacial erosion lakes distributing above 4200 m in altitude and more than ten trough fault. lakes below 4000 m on the plateau of Hengduan Mountains, and unique aquatic vegetations have developed in these lakes. On the basis on several field investigation during 1976-l985, the author makes a preliminary analysis for the eco-geographical characteristics of these lakes and classifies their communities, which are far more abundant in number and far more complicated in geographical distribution patterns than that of the larger lakes distri- buting a1ong the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse river. There are 41 types of aquatic plant communities (equilemt to formatioris), 18 of which are submerged communities.