longisepalum R. C. Fang et C. H. YangRhododendron tutcherae Hemsl. & Wilson var. Glabrifoliu m L.M. Gao & D.Z. Li, var. Nov.A typo recedit lamina glabra, petiolo glabro, pedicello glabro vel sparsim pubes centibus.Yunnan Pingbian, Daweishan, Shuiweic heng,in evergreen broad-leaved forest, alt.1 930 m, 2000 -06-26, L. M. Gao 200135.(holotype, KUN). Paratype: Pingbian , Laojianshan, alt.1 940 m,1954-10-12, K.M. Feng 4 919 (KUN)；Wenshan ，in forest, alt. 2 000 m, 1933-01- 23, H. T. Tsai 51627，(KUN). Viet Nam(: Lao Cai , alt.6 400 ft,1992-05-01, K.D. Rushforth, 2067（E.）……

Frutex 2-3 m altus. Ramuli atro-cinerei, cicatricibus petioli conspicuis; ramul i hornotini dense velutini, demum glabri, perulis persistentibus Folia coriacea, ellptico-oblonga, (3-)3.5-7.0(-10) cm longa, (1.2-)1.5-2.5(-3) cm lata, ap ice obtusa vel mucronata, basi cuneata, late uneata vel rotundata, supra virid ia glabra, subtus dense furcate-coacta, coactis superioribus dense deter gibilis , indumentis inferioribus tenuiter agglutinatis; costa media supra impressa, sub tus elevata, saepe coactis tecta; petiolus 0.5-1.7 cm longus, 1-2 mm diam. coa ctus, demumglabrus. Flores 4-7, racemoso-umbellati terminali; pedicelli 5-10 mm longi, dense velutini; calyx minoriorus 5-7-lobatus, lobis undulato-triangulatis , c. lmm longis, velutinis; corolla roseola vel alba, campanulata, 2.5-3 cm lo nga, 5-7-lobata, lobis semi-rotundatis 1-1.2 cm longis, 1.5-1.8 cm latis, gla bris, apice emarginatis, lobis superioribus roseo- maculatis; tubo corollae 1.5 -1.7 cm longo, 1.2-1.5 cm diam.; stamina 10-13, inaequalia, 0.4-1.8 cm long a; filamentis albis, infra medium 1/3 albo-pilosis; antherisaurantiis, oblongis, 2 mm longis, 1mm latis; pistillum 1.0-2.9 cm longum; ovar ium conicum, dense velutinum apice truncatum; stylus c. 2.3 cm longus; glabrus, stigmate capitato. Capsula ignota.

Geniculine 1, a new norditerpenoid alkaloid, was isolated from the root of Aconitum geniculatum Fletcher et Lauener(Ranunculaceae).Its structure was elucidated as 20-ethyl-8-acetoxy-14-(p-hydroxybenzoyloxy)-1α,6α,16β,18-tetramethoxyaconitane-3α,13β-diol mainly by 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Eleven known compounds,1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-2-N-(2′-hydroxypalmitoyl)-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine(cerebroside B)(1) 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine(cerebroside D)(2).

Four new steroidal glycosides named wattosides B-E(1-4) were isolated from the rhizomes of Tupistra wattii. Three of them possess the furostanol skeleton bearing multi-hydroxyl functions. Another one is a cardiac glycoside. The structures of new glycosides have been elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as 22-O-methyl-25(R,S)-furost-1β,3β,4β,5β,22ξ,26β-hexol-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1);22-O-methyl-26-O-β-D-lucopyranoside-25(S)-furost-5-en-1β,3β,22ξ,26β-tetrol-3-O-[O-β-D-lucopyranoside(1-4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(2);22-O-methyl-25(S)-furost-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,22,26β-heptol-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)and oleandrigenin-3-O-[O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1-2)]-α-L-glucopyranosyl.

A new compound,(+) evofolin B (1), together with nine other known compounds, 20S,24-epoxy-24,25-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammar-4(28)-en-3-oicacid(2),4(14)-eudesmene-6?,11-diol(3),stigmast-5-ene-3β,7α-diol(4),stigmast-5-en-3β-ollinoleate(5),sitoindosideI(6),methyl3,4-dihydroxy-benzoate(7),scopoletin(8),β-sitosterol and daucosterol were obtained from the EtOH extract from the bark of Dysoxylum hainanense Merr.

A new abeo-abietane diterpene glycoside, name abieforrestin (1), togethder with six known compounds, adenanthin, nervosanin, ursolic acid, 2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid,β-Sitoserol and daucosterol, were isolated from Isodon forrestii (Diels) Kudo. Their structures were identified by spectral methods.

In this paper, four species of the genus Pedicularis L.,P.tricolor Hand.-Mazz.var.tricolor, P.siphonantha Don var.siphonantha,P.integrifolia Hk.f.subsp.integerrima Tsoong P.ditrotoma Bonati effected by mycorrhizal fungi were studied. Hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi invaded into root cortex and intracellular vesicles formed vesculas in all host species.On the top of some hyphae in soil, chlamydospores were formed. According to the characters of these spores, all fungi from four species of Pedicularis were identified as Glomus mosseaeNicol.& Gerd. Cultivationure experiments of P.tricolor and P.ditrotoma implied that myorrhizal fungi could increase nutrient absorption of host plants, and have promoted nutrient utilization.

In the present paper,the karyotype of Caryopteris paniculata is investigated. The somatic chromosome number is 2n=18 and basic number is x=9, Its karyotype could be formulated as 2n=2x=18=6m+2sm+1st(1SAT).The ratio between longest and shortest chromosone is 3.74. The centromeric terminalization value is 56.7%,belonging to Stebbins's 2B type.

The seed of Paramomum petaloideum comprises aril, seedcoat, perisperm, endosperm and embryo.The membranous aril contains 5-7 parenchymatous cells. The seed coat can be divided into exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta. The exotesta contains only one layer of epidermal cells, their cell walls are thickened and slightly lignified.

The genetic diversity and population differentiation of Parashorea chinensis, a rare and endangered dipterocarp, and listed in the Plant Red Book under Grade I, were examined using allozyme analysis of horizontal sliceable starch gel electrophoresis. Considering its narrow distribution, which was limited in the South & Southeast of Yunnan and Southwest of Guangxi, allozyme data for 16 loci of 11 enzymes in 9 natural population (as a comparison, two cultivated populations in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden were analyzed) indicated extremely low level of genetic variability in these eleven populations with the proportion of polymorphic loci(P) ranging from 6.25% to 12.5%(mean 6.82%).

Saururaceae is a core component of paleoherbs, and is very important for studying the origin and development of early angiosperms. By using different analysis method, such as the maximum parsimony methodand the neighbor-joining method. we analyzed the 5.85S rDNA sequences of Saururaceae and the outgroup Zippelia begoniaefolia Blume.

In this study, random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) was used to investigate 82 accessions of Saccharum spontaneum L.from different population in Yunnan and 4 accessions of S.spontaneum L.from Indian, Thailand and Vietnam respectively. Results showed that S.spontaneum L.in Yunnan possesses abundant genetic diversity. The polymorphism were less and less when latitude and elevation increassed. Based on the results of DNA data analysis, 86 accessions of S.spontaneum L.were divided into 8 different ecotypes. The topology of the phylogenetic tree of S.spontaneum L.corresponds to their geographical distribution. The initial results indicated that S.spontaneum L. in Yunnan was probably originated from the south of Yunnan, then diffused to high elevation and high latitude of the northwest and the northdeast. We suggested that the south Yunnan was one of the possible original centers of wild sugarcane.

The semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is an important vegetation type in vertical zone of the Mts. Wuliangshan, which is on the edge of extinction. Based on the analysis of the disposition in vertical structure of 177 dominant and frequent species in the forest and in other areas of the mountains,it shows that there are only Tropical Asia,Sino-Himalayan and Chinese endemic elements appearing in all the all the synusiae from the canopy to the ground layer, including A,B and C tree layers, shrub layer ground layer and inter-layers. It is floristically subtro0pical in the forest rather than temperate according to a further analysis of distributions on Chinese endemic species. In the semi-humid evergreen broad- leaved forest zones there are four types of common deciduous broad-leaved forests. They are Alnus nepalensis forest, Juglans sigillata forest, Populus bonatii forest and Leucosceptrum canum forest respectively. They are secondary forests after the original vegetation was destroied. It is necessary to protect the secondary forests because we do not know what stages they are belonging to in ecological succession. It may be an ideal places for studying the secondary succession and restoration ecology. The semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests of Mts. Wuliangshan are of obvious significance in biodiversity conservation because of its important characters and the location harbpring many endemic and endangered taxa.

Two new tropical higher fungi,Cordyceps szemaoensis Zang(Clavicipitaceae),which collected from Cai Yang He Natural Reserve, Simao, Southern Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated here. Type specimens were deposited in HKAS.

What analyzed in the present paper is the distribution, diversification, origin and relationship os 20 primitive angiosperm families occurring commonly on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, China. The results confirm the floristic integrity on both sides and reveal that the Taiwan flora have mixed elements from the eastern Asiatic flora and the Malesian flora, but mainly belonging to the former. The abundant endemic species in the primitive families of the Taiwan flora are mostly neoendemic elements, which formed after the separation of Taiwan from the mainland. The primitive angiosperm genera and families in Taiwan and Mainland China have a common origin and the origin time and place could be dated back to the Late Cretaceous in the Cathaysian ancient land before Taiwan firstly seperated from the mainland in the Mesozoic. The land bridge during the Quaternary glacier between Taiwan and Mainland China had seldomly affected the distribution of primitive angiosperms on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

Five new steroidal alkaloids have been isolated from Buxus bodinieri Levl., a common ornamental in South-China. On the basis of IR, UV,MS,NMR spectral analyses and chemical evidence, the chemical structure of these new steroidal alkaloids were deducted as.

A new eupomatene-type lignan,2,3-dihyro-2α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheny1-3β-methyl-5[E]-propenylbenzofuran, named parakmerin A (1), together with five known compounds eupomatenoid-7(2),eupomatenoid-5(3), quercetin (4),rutin (5) and syringin (6)was isolated from the dried branches of Parakmeria yunnanensis and their structures were elucidated by spectral evidence.)

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) in 3 production models growing in Kunming was investigated, and 146 samples were collected for experiments. The samples were inspected by ELISA and SEM to identify whether they were infected by carnation virus. The results indicated the main prevalenting carnation viruses in Kunming region are carnation mottle virus and carnation necroflect virus. Using carnation variety "Qiaoxinlang" as test material, which infected by caarnation mottle virus, we studies the differences of devirus rate and survive rate by using 3 different methods, i.e.direct meristem-tip culture, meristem-tipculture in combination with thermotherapy, and meristem - tip culture in combination with Ribavirini.

The pollen grains of Codonopsis pilosula, C.tangshan, C.micrantha and C.convolvulacea, and of Platycodon gandiflorum and Campanula medium of Campanulaceae were examined by LM and SEM. The result showed that the pollenmorphology among species of Codonopsis L.and other genera is diffenent in AMB, in exine sculpture and even in aperture types.

Crossing experiment of 62 combinations within and between genus of Magnoliaceae were made in the Kunming Botanical Garden based on the conventional methods of crossbreeding. Results revealed that in the same genus,the cross-compatibility commonly exists in Magnoliaceae, except the intersubgeneric combinations (between subgenus Magnolia and Yulania) in the genus Magnolia.