Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2024.06.001

Plant Diversity ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (05): 600-610.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.06.001

Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia

Linjiang Ye^a,b,c, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon^d, Hailing Qi^a, Hongyu Wu^a,e, Pengzhen Fan^c,e, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi^f, Safiullah Khurram^g, Mamadzhanov Davletbek^h, Yerlan Turuspekovⁱ, Jie Liu^a,c

a. CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China;
b. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333400, Jiangxi, China;
c. Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China;
d. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74934, Iran;
e. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
f. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States;
g. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Kabul D-1006, Afghanistan;
h. National Academy of Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, Jalal-Abad Scientific Center, Jalal-Abad 715600, Kyrgyzstan;
i. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

Received:2024-02-08 Revised:2024-06-04 Published:2024-09-07
Contact: Jie Liu,E-mail:liujie@mail.kib.ac.cn
Supported by:
We are grateful to Mrs. Tao Liu, Xue-Wen Liu, Guang-Fu Zhu, Hao Deng, Song Tu, Zong-Rong He and other volunteers for their assistance in the field survey. We thank our collaborators in Pakistan and India who were involved in our previous studies to generate the genotype data publicly retrieved in this study. We thank Dr. Jian-Wen Zhang and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which greatly improve the manuscript. We thank Dr. Moses Wambulwa, Miss Winnie Mambo and Mrs. Amos Kipkoech and Raymond Porter to read over and comment the manuscript. We also thank Professors De-Zhu Li, Lian-Ming Gao, and Wen-Jiang Liu for their help with the project. This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170398, 42211540718, 32260149, 41971071), the Top-notch Young Talents Project of Yunnan Provincial “Ten Thousand Talents Program” (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-146), CAS “Light of West China” Program, and Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan (202201AT070222), the Fund of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics (CWR-2024-04), the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20224BAB215012), the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ2202401), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (ZDBSLY-7001), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202201BC070001). Molecular experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Abstract

Abstract: The common walnut (Juglans regia) is one of the most economically important nut trees cultivated worldwide. Despite its importance, no comprehensive evaluation of walnut tree population genetics has been undertaken across the range where it originated, Central Asia. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 1082 individuals from 46 populations across Central Asia. We found moderate genetic diversity of J. regia across Central Asia, with 46 populations clustered into three groups with a weak relationship between genetic and geographic distance. Our findings reveal that the western Himalaya might be the core region of common walnut genetic diversity in Central Asia and that, except for two populations in Gongliu Wild Walnut Valley, humans might have introduced walnut populations to Xinjiang, China. The observed distribution of the genetic landscape has probably been affected by historical climate fluctuation, breeding system, and prolonged anthropogenic activity. We propose the conservation of the core genetic diversity resources in the western Himalaya and pay special attention to populations from Gongliu in Xinjiang. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic variation throughout the distribution range of J. regia in Central Asia, which will provide a key prerequisite for evidence-based conservation and management.

Key words: Central Asia, Genetic diversity, Germplasm management, Gongliu wild walnut valley, Juglans regia, Western Himalaya

Linjiang Ye, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Hailing Qi, Hongyu Wu, Pengzhen Fan, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi, Safiullah Khurram, Mamadzhanov Davletbek, Yerlan Turuspekov, Jie Liu. Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia[J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(05): 600-610.

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Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia

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