Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.004

Plant Diversity ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03): 333-343.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.004

Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

Dilmurod Makhmudjanov^a,b,c,d, Sergei Volis^c, Ziyoviddin Yusupov^a,b,c, Inom Juramurodov^a,b,c,d, Komiljon Tojibaev^b,c, Tao Deng^a,b, Hang Sun^a,b

a. CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China;
b. Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China;
c. Institute of Botany, Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan;
d. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China

Received:2023-06-30 Revised:2023-08-22 Published:2024-05-20
Contact: Komiljon Tojibaev,E-mail:ktojibaev@mail.ru;Tao Deng,E-mail:dengtao@mail.kib.ac.cn;Hang Sun,E-mail:sunhang@mail.kib.ac.cn
Supported by:
The authors are thankful to Dr. David Boufford from Harvard University Herbaria (USA) for editing the English. We would like to thank Davlatali Abdullaev (Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan) and Isakul Turakulov (Khujand State University, Tajikistan) for their help in identifying the species and for collecting materials used in this study. We are also grateful to Davron Dekhkonov (Namangan State University, Uzbekistan) and Xianhan Huang (Kunming Institute of Botany, China) for their useful comments and suggestions. This study was supported by grants from the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20149), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0502), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050203), International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (151853KYSB20180009), the state research project ‘Taxonomic revision of polymorphic plant families of the flora of Uzbekistan' (FZ-20200929321) and the State Programs for the years 2021-2025 ‘Grid mapping of the flora of Uzbekistan' and the ‘Tree of life:monocots of Uzbekistan' of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Abstract

Abstract: Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th century. However, due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date, its phylogeny and evolution are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus, which are found in Central Asia (its center of diversity) and China. We also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species, encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central Asia, southwest Asia and China. Our findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic, although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be paraphyletic. Both plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the genus. Our biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the Eocene. Diversification of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene. Paratethys Sea retreat and several orogenetic events, such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts (Altai, Pamir, Tian Shan), caused serious topographic and climate (aridification) changes in Central Asia that may have triggered a split of clades and speciation. In this transformed Central Asia, speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic, topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

Key words: Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae, Plastome, Central Asia, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Dilmurod Makhmudjanov, Sergei Volis, Ziyoviddin Yusupov, Inom Juramurodov, Komiljon Tojibaev, Tao Deng, Hang Sun. Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(03): 333-343.

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Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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